Selecting T for a periodic review inventory model with staggered deliveries

Consider a single‐item, periodic review, infinite‐horizon, undiscounted, inventory model with stochastic demands, proportional holding and shortage costs, and full backlogging. Orders can arrive in every period, and the cost of receiving them is negligible (as in a JIT setting). Every T periods, one audits the current stock level and decides on deliveries for the next T periods, thus incurring a fixed audit cost and—when one schedules deliveries—a fixed order cost. The problem is to find a review period T and an ordering policy that satisfy the average cost criterion. The current article extends an earlier treatment of this problem, which assumed that the fixed order cost is automatically incurred once every T periods. We characterize an optimal ordering policy when T is fixed, prove that an optimal review period T** exists, and develop a global search algorithm for its computation. We also study the behavior of four approximations to T** based on the assumption that the fixed order cost is incurred during every cycle. Analytic results from a companion article (where μ/σ is large) and extensive computational experiments with normal and gamma demand test problems suggest these approximations and associated heuristic policies perform well when μ/σ ≥ 2. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 329–352, 2000     

Minimizing sums and products of linear fractional functions over a polytope

In this paper, we develop efficient deterministic algorithms for globally minimizing the sum and the product of several linear fractional functions over a polytope. We will show that an elaborate implementation of an outer approximation algorithm applied to the master problem generated by a parametric transformation of the objective function serves as an efficient method for calculating global minima of these nonconvex minimization problems if the number of linear fractional terms in the objective function is less than four or five. It will be shown that the Charnes–Cooper transformation plays an essential role in solving these problems. Also a simple bounding technique using linear multiplicative programming techniques has remarkable effects on structured problems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 583–596, 1999     

优序法在舰艇编队导弹攻击效能评估中的应用

导弹攻击是舰艇编队海上行动的主要作战样式,其导弹攻击效能的评估十分重要。首先建立了舰艇编队导弹攻击作战效能评价指标体系,然后介绍了评估舰艇编队导弹攻击效能的一种新方法——优序法,该方法应用简单,既可以处理定性问题,又能处理定量问题。最后给出了应用实例,验证了优序法比较适合于对舰艇编队导弹攻击效能进行评估。通过对舰艇编队导弹攻击效能的评估,可以有效地选用合适的舰艇编队样式。     

变窗长秩排序统计滤波器与噪声图象滤波

基于信号分解理论,在非线性秩排序统计滤波器基础上,提出一种新型的非线性滤波器结构——二值秩排序统计滤波器。主要工作包括:(1)提出了滤波器的定义和实现结构;(2)实现算法;(3)滤波特性分析;(4)噪声图象滤波的计算机仿真。理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的滤波器具有良好的脉冲干扰抑制能力和边缘保持特性,硬件实现简单。     

加权Fourier变换及其统计性质

提出了零均值平稳序列的加权Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换,讨论了其统计性质,给出了其数学期望与方差的收敛速度．     

加工复杂曲面的三阶切触原理

本文把微分几何中曲线与曲面之间的“切触”概念应用于复杂曲面的数控加工,提出用圆柱铣刀或圆锥盘铣刀的外圆在五坐标联动中加工三维自由曲面的最佳切触条件。     

Xunzi on the Role of the Military in a Well-Ordered State

Chapter 15 of the Xunzi stands as the most comprehensive account of the early Confucian analysis of warfare. Unlike a range of other early, non-Confucian discussions on warfare, particular strategies and tactics are taken to be of secondary importance. Thus, Xunzi refuses to discuss practical military strategy without framing it within a much broader ethical, social, and political context. On his account, a well-ordered, flourishing state necessarily rests upon a particular set of rituals and social norms in which people can cultivate themselves morally. Such a state has nothing to fear from any enemy, no matter how tactically sophisticated or militarily skilled. To many, such a view seems overly optimistic. However, given that Xunzi is anything but Pollyannaish in other parts of the text and is quite pessimistic about human nature in general, it behooves us to dig a bit more deeply into his ideas about military affairs and examine whether they can be understood in a more plausible light. This article provides a reading of Xunzi’s views on military affairs that is internally consistent and corresponds with Xunzi’s broader ethical and political views, while also showing why someone of Xunzi’s obvious intellectual acumen might hold such a view.     

基于高阶谱分析的机械故障特征识别

在分析高阶累积量与高阶谱的理论基础上，利用高阶谱可以抑制加性高斯噪声的性质，研究了基于高阶谱分析的机械故障特征提取方法，提出了基于双谱估计的齿轮故障诊断的方法。通过对齿轮信号的双谱特征图谱进行分析比较，成功地对齿轮的正常稳态振动信号、正常瞬态振动信号以及磨损瞬态信号进行了识别，效果十分显著。     

When are observed failures more informative than observed survivals?

A framework involving independent competing risks permits observing failures due to a specific cause and failures due to a competing cause, which constitute survival times from the cause of primary interest. Is observing more failures more informative than observing survivals? Intuitively, due to the definitiveness of failures, the answer seems to be the former. However, it has been shown before that this intuition holds when estimating the mean but not the failure rate of the exponential model with a gamma prior distribution for the failure rate. In this article, we address this question at a more general level. We show that for a certain class of distributions failures can be more informative than survivals for prediction of life length and vice versa for some others. We also show that for a large class of lifetime models, failure is less informative than survival for estimating the proportional hazards parameter with gamma, Jeffreys, and uniform priors. We further show that, for this class of lifetime models, on average, failure is more informative than survival for parameter estimation and for prediction. These results imply that the inferential purpose and properties of the lifetime distribution are germane for conducting life tests. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

Multinational counterinsurgency: the Western intervention in the Boxer Rebellion 1900–1901

This article proposes a case study of the multinational counterinsurgency operations that occurred in China during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900–1, to provide a better understanding of the political and military dynamics specific to this type of mission. The study focuses primarily on the nature of the cooperation on the ground, the various national approaches to counterinsurgency, and the asymmetry of strategic approach between the Westerners and the Chinese. A discussion is also proposed, highlighting that combined counterinsurgency is not per se an obstacle to the unity of command, but that politically international coalitions create unique challenges to counterinsurgency operations.